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Archive for February, 2011:

Apache 路径大全

470 Comments | This entry was posted on Feb 15 2011

来源：http://wiki.apache.org/httpd/DistrosDefaultLayout

最常用的Apache路径有：

/etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf

/usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf

/usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf

Apache 2.2 default layout (apache.org source package):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr/local/apache2
DocumentRoot            ::      /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
Apache Config File      ::      /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
Other Config Files      ::      /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/
SSL Config File         ::      /usr/local/apache2/conf/extra/httpd-ssl.conf
ErrorLog                ::      /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/local/apache2/bin
start/stop              ::      /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl (start|restart|graceful|graceful-stop|stop|configtest)

Apache 2.0 default layout (apache.org source package):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr/local/apache2
DocumentRoot            ::      /usr/local/apache2/htdocs
Apache Config File      ::      /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
SSL Config              ::      /usr/local/apache2/conf/ssl.conf
ErrorLog                ::      /usr/local/apache2/logs/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /usr/local/apache2/logs/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/local/apache2/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/local/apache2/bin
start/stop              ::      /usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl (start|stop|graceful|configtest)

Apache 1.3 default layout (apache.org source package):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr/local/apache
DocumentRoot            ::      /usr/local/apache/htdocs
Apache Config File      ::      /usr/local/apache/conf/httpd.conf
ErrorLog                ::      /usr/local/apache/logs/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /usr/local/apache/logs/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/local/apache/cgi-bin (enabled by default, but the bundled scripts are 644)
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/local/apache/bin
start/stop              ::      /usr/local/apache/bin/apachectl (start|stop|graceful|configtest)

Debian, Ubuntu (Apache 2):

ServerRoot              ::      /etc/apache2
DocumentRoot            ::      /var/www
Apache Config Files     ::      /etc/apache2/apache2.conf
                        ::      /etc/apache2/ports.conf
Default VHost Config    ::      /etc/apache2/sites-available/default, /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/000-default
Module Locations        ::      /etc/apache2/mods-available, /etc/apache2/mods-enabled
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/apache2/error.log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/apache2/access.log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/lib/cgi-bin
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/sbin
start/stop              ::      /etc/init.d/apache2 (start|stop|restart|reload|force-reload|start-htcacheclean|stop-htcacheclean)

Notes:

  1. The Debian/Ubuntu layout is fully documented in /usr/share/doc/apache2/README.Debian
  2. Debian/Ubuntu use symlinks to enable vhosts and modules. Configuration files are created in their respective sites-available and mods-available directories. To activate vhosts and modules, symlinks are created in the respective sites-enabled and mods-enabled directories to the config files in either sites-available and mods-available. Debian provides scripts to handle this process called ‘a2ensite’ and ‘a2enmod’ which enables vhosts and modules.
  3. The default DocumentRoot is specified in the default vhost config file, /etc/apache2/sites-available/default

Debian, Ubuntu (Apache 1.3):

ServerRoot              ::      /etc/apache
DocumentRoot            ::      /var/www
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/apache/error.log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/apache/access.log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/lib/cgi-bin
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/sbin
start/stop              ::      /etc/init.d/apache (start|stop|graceful|configtest)

Fedora Core, CentOS, RHEL:

ServerRoot              ::      /etc/httpd
Primary Config Fle      ::      /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
Other Config Files      ::      /etc/httpd/conf.d
Module Locations        ::      /usr/lib/httpd/modules
DocumentRoot            ::      /var/www/html
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/httpd/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/httpd/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /var/www/cgi-bin (empty and disabled by default)
binary                  ::      /usr/sbin/httpd
runtime directory       ::      /etc/httpd/run
start/stop              ::      /sbin/service httpd {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}

Notes:

  1. There is an extra config file in /etc/sysconfig/httpd which can be used to change to the worker mpm /usr/sbin/httpd.worker.
  2. Extra config files named *.conf are loaded from /etc/httpd/conf.d. This directory is used by packages like mod_python for drop-in configs
  3. If you’re having issues with authorization and your permissions are correct make sure that you try testing with SELinux turned off. Run ‘setenforce 0′ and use ‘chcon’ to fix permissions. Run ‘ls -alZ’ to view the current permissions.’ SELinux first appeared in Fedora Core 3, RHEL 4, and CentOS 4.

RedHat 9.0 and older:

ServerRoot              ::      /etc/httpd
Primary Config Fle      ::      /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot            ::      /var/www/html
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/httpd/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/httpd/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /var/www/cgi-bin (empty and disabled by default)
binary                  ::      /usr/sbin/httpd
start/stop              ::      /sbin/service httpd {start|stop|restart|condrestart|reload|status|fullstatus|graceful|help|configtest}

Mandriva (Apache 2.2):

ServerRoot              ::      /etc/httpd
Primary Config Fle      ::      /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot            ::      /var/www/html
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/httpd/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/httpd/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /var/www/cgi-bin
binary                  ::      /usr/sbin/httpd
start/stop              ::      /sbin/service httpd
{start|stop|restart|reload|graceful|condreload|closelogs|update|condrestart|status|extendedstatus|configtest|configtest_vhosts|semcleanrestart|debug|show_defines}

Mac OS X (Leopard, Apache 2.2):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr
Primary Config Fle      ::      /etc/apache2/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot            ::      /Library/WebServer/Documents
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/apache2/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/apache2/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables (empty by default)
binary                  ::      /usr/sbin/httpd
start/stop              ::      /usr/sbin/apachectl (start|stop|restart|fullstatus|status|graceful|graceful-stop|configtest|help)

Notes:

  1. apachectl graceful is equivalent to apachectl restart and doesn’t keep running connections alive. Similarly, graceful-stop is not graceful.
  2. The /usr/sbin/envvars script is ineffective for setting environment variables. See http://lists.apple.com/archives/web-dev/2008/Apr/msg00059.html

Mac OS X (Tiger and earlier, Apache 1.3):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr
Primary Config Fle      ::      /etc/httpd/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot            ::      /Library/WebServer/Documents
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/httpd/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/httpd/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /Library/WebServer/CGI-Executables (empty by default)
binary                  ::      /usr/sbin/httpd
start/stop              ::      apachectl (start|stop|restart|fullstatus|status|graceful|configtest|help)

NetBSD Apache 2.0 and 1.3 from pkgsrc (layout is identical):

ServerRoot              ::      /usr/pkg
Config File             ::      /usr/pkg/etc/httpd/httpd.conf
DocumentRoot            ::      /usr/pkg/share/httpd/htdocs
ErrorLog                ::      /var/log/httpd/error_log
AccessLog               ::      /var/log/httpd/access_log
cgi-bin                 ::      /usr/pkg/libexec/cgi-bin
binaries (apachectl)    ::      /usr/pkg/sbin
start/stop              ::      /etc/rc.d/apache [fast|force|one](start stop restart rcvar reload status poll)
/etc/rc.conf variables  ::      apache=YES, apache_start="start" (or "startssl")

Notes:

  1. The “apache” script must be copied from the installation default /usr/pkg/share/examples/rc.d to /etc/rc.d (for automatic rc.conf usage) or /usr/pkg/etc/rc.d (for advanced usage).

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启用32位 UBUNTU 10.10 PAE 4G以上内存的解决方案

446 Comments | This entry was posted on Feb 10 2011 
sudo apt-get install linux-generic-pae      #内核包
sudo apt-get install linux-headers-generic-pae     #内核header包
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current nvidia-settings #适用于N卡

特别提示。
32位系统，打开内存得映射功能后，系统将不能使用休眠功能（休眠与待机不同）

Linux 系统之父Linus Torvalds此前曾经说过，在开启和关闭CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G(可让32位系统支持4GB物理内存)的系统内核之间存在25％的性能差异。Ubuntu 32位内核默认开启了CONFIG_HIGHMEM4G，但PAE模式是关闭的，这样32位内核在系统配置4GB内存的时候会有1GB保留给内核虚拟空间，用户实际可用的只有3GB，而Ubuntu PAE内核使用的是CONFIG_HIGHMEM64G，能处理最多64GB内存。

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